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Monday, October 31, 2022

Dangerous ‘Barbie’ tanning drug’s popularity rises despite serious side effects

 An illegal tanning drug referred to as the “Barbie drug” has risen in popularity through TikTok, prompting a warning from Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration of its dangers.

Melanotan is being promoted across social media as a long-lasting fake tan alternative, but the TGA warned it has “proven, serious side effects that can be very damaging to your health”.

“Side-effects include darkened skin, increased moles and freckles, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, flushing of the face, involuntary stretching and yawning, and spontaneous erections,” the TGA said.

There are also concerns the drug may increase the risk of skin cancer in the form of melanoma, according to the New Zealand Dermatological Society.

After an initial warning in 2017, a growing number of videos and accounts on TikTok promoting the drug in nasal spray form as a safer alternative to tanning led to the TGA renewing its advice on Friday.

“The Therapeutic Goods Administration urges consumers to steer clear of using products containing ‘Melanotan’ without advice from a medical professional,” it said.

“Regardless of how the product enters the body, the associated risks remain and are not new.

A popular tanning drug making the rounds on social media is dangerous, experts warn.
A popular tanning drug making the rounds on social media is dangerous, experts warn.
TikTok / georgiafox11

“These products are not included on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) and have not been assessed for quality, safety or efficacy by the TGA. This makes it illegal to advertise or supply them.”

Despite this, websites advertising the drug’s sale are readily accessible online.

“What if there was a way for you to get that perfect tan you’ve always dreamed of without any of the negative side-effect (sic),” one said.

Melantonin could potentially cause skin cancer.
Melantonin could potentially cause skin cancer.
TikTok / georgiafox11

Another business, operating as an Australian outlet, avoids any mention of its operation’s illegality as it explains to customers the only payment option is directly into a bank account.

“We are no longer able to process credit card payments due to being in the pharmaceutical industry and transactions being labelled as high risk and to get approved for a merchant account or payment gateway to process payments is near impossible to all businesses within this industry,” Melanotan Australia’s website reads.

According to the TGA, as well as the importing of Melanotan being illegal, it also presents a risk of customers losing their money.

“Side-effects include darkened skin, increased moles and freckles, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, flushing of the face, involuntary stretching and yawning, and spontaneous erections,” experts warned.
“Side-effects include darkened skin, increased moles and freckles, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, flushing of the face, involuntary stretching and yawning, and spontaneous erections,” experts warned.
TikTok / georgiafox11

“Despite some websites appearing to be Australian, these products are quite often coming from an overseas source,” it said.

detained at the border, you will not receive your goods, you will lose your money and there may be penalties if you are involved in promotion or sale of these products.”

The TGA also reminded Australians they can report the promotion or sale of banned substances such as Melanotan.

https://nypost.com/2022/10/31/dangerous-barbie-tanning-drugs-popularity-rises-despite-serious-side-effects/

NGM Biopharmaceuticals Insider Buys

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% Net Shares Purchased (Sold)32.10%N/A

RBC Cuts Price Target on Amedisys to $139 From $165 After 'Difficult' Q3

 Maintains Outperform Rating

https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/AMEDISYS-INC-8342/news/RBC-Cuts-Price-Target-on-Amedisys-to-139-From-165-After-Difficult-Q3-Maintains-Outperform-Ratin-42135800/

Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and spike mRNA vaccines trigger different T-cell responses

 The total magnitude of the T-cell responses induced by mRNA and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are comparable; however, the similarity ends here, according to a new study led by Duke-NUS Medical School scientists.

They found that the inactivated vaccines, which expose the  to the entire non-viable virus, elicit a broad  against different proteins on the virus. Publishing in Cell Reports Medicine, the findings add to the growing literature that will help scientists improve vaccine strategies for an ever-changing virus.

"Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were used extensively in Asia, but are often considered inferior due to their induction of a lower antibody response compared to other types of vaccines," said Dr. Anthony Tanoto Tan, Senior Research Fellow with the Duke-NUS' Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Program and a senior co-author of the study. "This means that they might not have been as good at preventing infection, but several studies have shown that they are highly capable of thwarting the development of severe COVID-19."

The research team compared the T-cell immune response in  from people who received inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and spike mRNA vaccines. While mRNA vaccines can only induce T cells targeting SARS-CoV-2's spike protein, which contains numerous mutations in the , the inactivated vaccines stimulated a broad T-cell response not only against the virus's spike protein, but also the membrane and nucleoprotein that has much fewer mutations in omicron.

"This combination of membrane, nucleoprotein and spike-specific T-cell response is quantitatively comparable to the sole spike T-cell response induced by the mRNA . It also effectively tolerates the mutations characterizing the omicron lineage," said Ms. Joey Lim Ming Er, first author of the study and a second-year student Ph.D. with the Integrated Biology and Medicine Ph.D. track at Duke-NUS.

However, unlike the mRNA vaccines, the inactivated virus vaccines did not appear to trigger cytotoxic CD8 T cells known for their ability to kill virus-infected cells. They mainly stimulated a type of T cells called CD4 T helper cells. When these T cells recognize a viral antigen, they release chemicals, called cytokines that helps the activation other types of immune cells, hence their name.

Senior author of the study Professor Antonio Bertoletti from Duke-NUS' EID Program said, "The omicron variant can effectively evade antibody neutralization, moving the evaluation of vaccination efficacy away from preventing infection and towards ameliorating disease. T cells are likely to play a more important role in this compared to antibodies, due to their ability to target virus-infected cells.

"Since inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can generate T cell responses towards other , this more heterogenous response could be beneficial, in comparison to the current Spike targeting strategy of other vaccines. However, larger studies are needed to clarify the impact of these T cells responses in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis to better design vaccines for controlling severe COVID-19 after infection by omicron or future variants."

To dig deeper into the implications of the different T-cell responses, the scientists called for further research with larger numbers of participants, to compare the ability of the multi-protein CD4 T cell response induced by inactivated virus vaccines with that of the single spike protein coordinated CD4 and CD8 T cell response induced by mRNA vaccines to ameliorate COVID-19 disease severity.


Explore further

COVID-19 vaccine given at two- or four- week interval results in similar immunity

More information: Joey Ming Er Lim et al, A comparative characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells induced by mRNA or inactive virus COVID-19 vaccines, Cell Reports Medicine (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100793
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-inactivated-sars-cov-spike-mrna-vaccines.html

Anti-inflammatory molecules that decline in the aging brain

 Aging involves complicated plot twists and a large cast of characters: inflammation, stress, metabolism changes, and many others. Now, a team of Salk Institute and UC San Diego scientists reveal another factor implicated in the aging process—a class of lipids called SGDGs (3-sulfogalactosyl diacylglycerols) that decline in the brain with age and may have anti-inflammatory effects.

The research, published in Nature Chemical Biology on October 20, 2022, helps unravel the molecular basis of brain aging, reveals new mechanisms underlying age-related neurological diseases, and offers future opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

"These SGDGs clearly play an important role in aging, and this finding opens up the possibility that there are other critical aging pathways we've been missing," says co-corresponding author Alan Saghatelian, professor in Salk's Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology and holder of the Dr. Frederik Paulsen Chair. "This is a pretty clear case of something that should be dug into more in the future."

SGDGs are a class of lipids, also called fats. Lipids contribute to the structure, development, and function of healthy brains, while badly regulated lipids are linked to aging and diseased brains. However, lipids, unlike genes and proteins, are not well understood and have often been overlooked in aging research. Saghatelian specializes in discovering new lipids and determining their structures.

His lab, in collaboration with Professor Dionicio Siegel at UC San Diego, made three discoveries involving SGDGs: In the brain,  levels are very different in older mice than in younger mice; all SGDG family members and related lipids change significantly with age; and SGDGs may be regulated by processes that are known to regulate aging.

To reach these findings, the team took an unusual, exploratory approach that combined the large-scale study of lipids (lipidomics) with structural chemistry and advanced data analytics. They first obtained lipid profiles of mouse brains at five ages, ranging from one to 18 months, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Technological advances in this instrumentation vastly expanded the number of data points available to the scientists, and advanced data analysis allowed them to determine age-related patterns in the enormous lipid profiles. The team then constructed SGDG molecules and tested them for biological activity.

"SGDGs were first identified in the 1970s, but there were few follow-up studies. These lipids were essentially forgotten and missing from the lipid databases. Nobody knew SGDGs would be changing or regulated in aging, let alone that they have bioactivity and, possibly, be therapeutically targetable," says first author Dan Tan, a postdoctoral fellow in Saghatelian's lab at Salk.

The analysis showed that SGDGs possess anti-inflammatory properties, which could have implications for neurodegenerative disorders and other neurological conditions that involve increased inflammation in the brain.

The team also discovered that SGDGs exist in human and primate brains, suggesting that SGDGs may play an important role in animals other than mice. Further research will be required to show if SGDGs contribute to human neuroinflammation.

In the future, the team will examine how SGDGs are regulated with aging and what proteins are responsible for making them and breaking them down, which may open the door to discovering novel genetic activity associated with aging.

"With the understanding of the structure of SGDGs and our ability to create them in the laboratory, the study of these important lipids is now wide open and ripe for discovery," says Siegel, co-corresponding author of the study.


Explore further

Association between blood plasma lipids and risk of Alzheimer's disease

More information: Dan Tan et al, A class of anti-inflammatory lipids decrease with aging in the central nervous system, Nature Chemical Biology (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01165-6
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-scientists-anti-inflammatory-molecules-decline-aging.html

Best blood thinner for minimizing bleeding risk

 A large-scale comparison of direct oral anticoagulants (blood thinners), commonly prescribed for irregular heartbeats, has identified the drug associated with the lowest risk of bleeding, in a new study led by UCL researchers.

In the paper published in Annals of Internal Medicine, the researchers report that one of the two most common direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), apixaban, offers the lowest risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, with similar performance on  and other side effects.

DOACs are used to prevent strokes for people with —slow or —a condition affecting over 33 million people worldwide. They have recently become more common than warfarin, the previous standard treatment, as they do not require as much follow-up monitoring (which was particularly valuable during the COVID-19 pandemic) and carry less risk of side effects.

For the new study, the researchers compared the efficacy and risk of side effects for the four most common DOACs. They reviewed data from more than 500,000 new DOAC users in the UK, France, Germany and the US, including 281,320 apixaban users, 61,008 dabigatran users,12,722 edoxaban users, and 172,176 rivaroxaban users.

They found that all four drugs were comparable on outcomes for , brain bleeds and all-cause mortality, while they did identify a difference in risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, which is one of the most common and concerning side effects of DOACs.

The study revealed that apixaban stood out as having lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, with 19-28% lower risks when compared directly to each of the other three DOACs.

The researchers found that their findings held true when looking at data only from those aged over 80, and those with , two groups that are often underrepresented in clinical trials.

Co-lead author Dr. Wallis Lau (UCL School of Pharmacy) said, "Direct oral anticoagulants have been prescribed with increasing frequency worldwide in recent years, but evidence comparing them directly has been limited. Our results indicate that  may be preferable to other  because of the lower rate of gastrointestinal bleeding and similar rates of stroke, a finding that we hope will be supported by randomized controlled trials.

"As with all medications, potential risks and benefits can differ between people, so considering the full spectrum of outcomes and side effects will still be necessary for each individual patient."


Explore further

Study of claims data compares apixaban vs rivaroxaban for patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease

More information: Comparative Effectiveness and Safety Between Apixaban, Dabigatran, Edoxaban, and Rivaroxaban Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, Annals of Internal Medicine (2022). DOI: 10.7326/M22-0511
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-blood-thinner-minimizing.html

Invitae: therapy informed by genetic testing reduces seizures in some patients with epilepsy

 Invitae (NYSE: NVTA), a leading medical genetics company, today announced the findings of a study that documents the actions clinicians take upon receiving a positive diagnostic genetic testing result for patients with epilepsy. The findings, in JAMA Neurology, demonstrate that a positive genetic diagnosis leads to clinical management changes in approximately half of patients and that changes implemented by clinicians based on genetic testing improve health outcomes in as many as three quarters of patients. When a change in management is made based on the results of a positive genetic test result, outcomes for patients with epilepsy generally improve, including reduction, and even complete elimination of seizures. 

This study addresses a longstanding gap in understanding clinician action once positive genetic results are found for patients with epilepsy. A definitive molecular diagnosis obtained from epilepsy genetic testing led to important changes in clinical management that ultimately improved outcomes for patients. These changes included initiating medication, adding a new medication, or stopping a medication, and were made for half of the patients in the study within three months of testing. For patients with treatment changes, 75% were reported to have positive health outcomes including 65% who had reduction in seizure frequency and in some cases elimination of seizures.  

https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/INVITAE-CORPORATION-23400709/news/Invitae-study-shows-therapy-informed-by-genetic-testing-reduces-seizures-in-some-patients-with-epile-42157626/