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Saturday, August 15, 2020

People with multiple negative coronavirus tests dilutes state’s positivity rate

Some schools are waiting for communities in Central Florida to get down to a 5% positivity rate in COVID-19 cases before opening.

But that’s complicated.

Many people who test positive for COVID-19 need multiple negative tests before returning to work.

The state is counting every time someone tests negative, which is diluting the positivity rate.

Adding the new number of positive and negative cases each day will calculate the total number of tests.

Then we divide the positive cases by the total to get the positivity rate.

For Friday, 6,148 divided by 39,467, will gave a sate of 0.1557. And then you move the decimal over two places, the positivity rate is 15.6%.

These numbers all come directly from the Florida Department of Health’s daily COVID-19 report.

But if you scroll to the bottom of the second page, where the state discusses positivity rate, you see a different number, 8.08%.

“It’s nothing wrong. It’s how you decide to do it,” Orange County health officer Dr. Raul Pino said.

The state is not counting double positives into its numbers, but it is counting double negatives.

For example, a woman said she has been tested seven times. She tested positive three times and negative four times.

Which means she counted in the system as one positive case and four negatives. And when you count multiple negatives, it dilutes the positivity rate.

That is why the state said the positivity rate is about 8%, but the numbers added up to more than 15%.

“It’s super safe to assume that the positivity rate in our community is higher than what we have,” Pino said.

As the pandemic evolved, public health researchers realized there were new ways to collect and present the information, he explained.

“We didn’t envision probably that people would be testing multiple days,” Pino said. “We didn’t envision at the beginning that the NBA would be here, and we’d be testing everyone every day.”


Google adding new coronavirus-related details to travel search results

Google announced plans to add new content to its travel search results in the coming days.

Officials revealed Google would soon display the percentage of open hotels with availability, as well as the percentage of flights operating at the city or county level. The changes will include trendlines for both categories.

The data necessary to facilitate the chances will be supplied by Google Flights and Hotels data from the previous week. Travelers will also be able to find advisories and the number of confirmed coronavirus cases in an area through links on the website.

Google also announced it would soon offer travelers the ability to filter their hotel and vacation rental search results to only see properties that offer free cancelations, a significant concern during the ongoing viral pandemic.

Last month, the company revealed added features such as information about destination restrictions and advisories, airline change fee and cancelation policies and driving alerts that flag COVID-19 checkpoints and restrictions along a user’s route.

Earlier this year, Google began displaying the cheapest and most expensive times to visit a destination, in addition to the typical temperatures and weather conditions travelers can expect based on their trip dates.


MS Drug Shows Promise For HIV Prevention And Treatment

A new study published today in PLOS Pathogens shows a promising alternative for those taking the currently available antiretroviral therapies (ART) that controls human immunodeficiency virus’s (HIV) viral load. Researchers at The George Washington University in D.C. and their colleagues found that a drug called Fingolimod, that is approved for multiple sclerosis treatment, also blocks HIV transmission and infection in human cells.

Since the HIV virus has the ability to establish latency by integrating its genome into that of a human’s host cells, people with HIV have to remain on ART throughout their lives. This means that by establishing latency the HIV virus manages to survive despite treatment as ART drugs cannot target latent infection. Globally, around 40 million people live with HIV.

Taking these hurdles into consideration, scientists are looking for ways to discover novel strategies to specifically target HIV latency and infection. Alberto Bosque, lead author of the study and an assistant professor at The George Washington University, took a different approach by targeting what is known as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors.

These receptors are a vital component of the immune system that is specifically involved in the progression of infection. The researchers decided to focus on U.S. FDA approved drug, Fingolimod, that has been found to block S1P receptors.

By using Fingolimod, they further found that the drugs works by blocking the infection of human immune cells known as CD4+ T cells and interrupting multiple steps in the HIV lifecycle. The drug has the ability to diminish the density of CD4, the protein found on the surface of T cells, and simultaneously preventing viral binding and fusion.

The researchers observed that the drug, fingolimod, was not only able to prevent HIV transmission between cells, but also successfully reduced any detectable latent virus by 65.85%. Furthermore, PCR testing proved that this decrease in infection level also revealed a 60.4% reduction in integrated DNA.  

The study’s authors noted, “These results indicate that Fingolimod merits further investigation as an exciting novel therapy for HIV.”

They further claimed that this was the first study the potential role of S1P signaling in the process of the HIV infection getting established. The study also delves into the potential to modulate this pathway to alter the course of infection or prevent establishment of the latent reservoir in CD4+ T cells.

This compound is clinically approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and doesn’t have major side-effects if taken orally on a daily basis. But it is far from being a potential solution for HIV prevention and treatment as further studies in both, humans and animals, are required to prove its efficacy.


Can You Get Covid-19 From Food? Frozen Chicken Wings Test Positive

There’s positive news about chicken wings but not in a “these chicken wings are yummy” type of way.

In Shenzen, China, a sample of frozen chicken wings imported from Brazil has tested positive for the Covid-19 coronavirus.

Buffalo spices, blue cheese, or maybe even chocolate cherry sauce may belong on chicken wings, but not the Covid-19 coronavirus. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) would make for a horrible dipping sauce.

Nevertheless, no need to panic. Panic is only useful at the disco or when the words “avocado” and “out of” are combined. Keep in mind that the Covid-19 coronavirus is a bit like a person trying to start a rave. One person dancing is not a rave, no matter what music you play or how much LSD is involved. Similarly, you’ve got to have enough of the SARS-CoV2 around, enough to constitute an infectious dose of the virus, to cause an infection. A positive test simply means that virus genetic material has been found and says nothing about the amount of virus present.

Plus, detecting genetic material from the virus is not the same as detecting live virus. Only fragments of the virus may be present. So far, authorities haven’t found any evidence of humans getting infected from the chicken wings in Shenzen.

This wasn’t the only “Covid-19 coronavirus and frozen foods” news this week. As Reuters reported, testing in Yantai, China, revealed virus genetic material on the outer packaging of frozen seafood that had been imported from other countries.

Then there’s what’s been happening in New Zealand. The country had gone 102 days without evidence of community transmission of the Covid-19 coronavirus. However, the streak is now over. Recently a cluster of cases emerged in Auckland that led to re-initiation of lockdown measures that hadn’t been in place since June 9. The first identified case of the cluster was a man in his 50s. He then apparently passed the virus on to three of his family members, including a pre-school aged child. The case count has grown to 17 as of Thursday. It turns out the man had been working at a facility operated by Americold. The cold in Americold should be a tip off that the facility stores goods at controlled temperatures. Therefore, authorities are looking into the possibility that the man picked up the virus from handling contaminated imported frozen foods or frozen food packaging. So far, there’s been no reports of frozen goods in New Zealand testing positive for the virus.
How concerned then should you be about your food? How worried should you be about your package? (That is, the packaging material around your food when it comes to the Covid-19 coronavirus.) As I covered previously for Forbes, studies have shown that the virus can survive on different surfaces for significant amounts of time, in some cases several days. So, in theory, you could catch the virus from food or food packaging.

However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “currently, there is no evidence to suggest that handling food or consuming food is associated with COVID-19.” In other words, there have been no documented cases of this happening. Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that “it is highly unlikely that people can contract COVID-19 from food or food packaging.”

So why is it “unlikely” given the fact that the virus has been found on food items and can stay on surfaces for a while? After all, you can get lots of other infections from food such as Salmonella and Listeria. Well, remember the Covid-19 coronavirus is very different from bacteria. You know the Grease song that goes, “I got chills they’re multiplying?” Well, while many types of bacteria can readily multiply and grow on on food, the same is not true for the SARS-CoV2. This virus needs a living host to multiply. Therefore, enough of the virus has to already be deposited on the food and survive long enough for you to get infected when you either touch or eat the food. This in theory may happen if someone infected with the virus happens to say, “yummm, frozen chicken wings,” and then put his or her face close to the wings and proceed to cough all over the wings.

Moreover, eating chicken wings would not be quite the same as sticking them up your nostrils. (By the way, don’t do this.) Virus on food going down your gastrointestinal tract may not have the same opportunity to reach your respiratory tract. And it is not clear whether the virus can infect cells in your gastrointestinal tract.

Of course, all of the above is based on what’s known so far. Gathering evidence on the virus has been a bit like chasing after a llama driving a Tesla while you’re riding a tricycle. With limited time and resources, scientists have gotten ideas of what the virus can do but still have much to learn.

Consequently, transmission of the virus via food or food packaging is still a possibility, especially if a large enough dose of virus is plopped on the food. Unlikely does not mean can’t. For example, it is highly unlikely that your underwear will land you in the hospital. However, there are situations in which you could end up in the hospital and your story to the doctor could begin with, “doc, it all started when I put on my underwear.”

Therefore, the best thing to do is to continue following the following food safety approaches that I outlined for Forbes back in early June (which was about two to three missed haircuts ago):

  1. Wipe down food packaging that’s been recently handled by others. Again, this means non-food coverings and not the food itself. In this case, “food packaging” does not mean the pita around a sandwich or the skin of a fruit. Do not put disinfectant on such things.
  2. Keep your kitchen surfaces clean and sanitized. This applies to everywhere you prepare and serve your food, not just the kitchen. For example, if for some reason you were to cook and eat in the shower, keep that area clean and sanitized too.
  3. Wash your hands thoroughly before and after handling food. Have you heard the “wash your hands” refrain before? Well, get used to it, because it’s not going to change. After the pandemic is over, you won’t be hearing, “OK, no need to wash your hands anymore.”
  4. Thoroughly cook what can and should be cooked. For example, it’s better to cook hot dogs rather than eating them raw. The target temperature, if possible, should be75 degrees Celsius, which is around 167 degrees Fahrenheit. Try to maintain this temperature for a sustained amount of time. Of course, not everything can be cooked. For example, a boiled popsicle basically becomes a stick with no pop.
  5. Use clean water to rinse fresh fruits and vegetables. The emphasis here is on the word “clean.” Dirty water just makes things dirtier. Also, rinse everything thoroughly. You can even sing several refrains of a song like “Forbidden Fruit,” to make sure that you rinse the fruit long enough. Just keep in mind that such a song is not really about fruit.
  6. Carry and store food safely. Always keep your food in appropriate places where the food can’t contaminate anything that may touch your face or other people can’t contaminate the food. Choose a place where random people won’t cough, sneeze, or pant on the food. If someone you know tends to pant on your food, store that person away properly as well.
  7. Use standard food safety approaches. As I wrote before, follow the “clean, separate, cook, and chill” guidelines that the FDA outlines on its website.

Again food and food packaging is probably not a major risk for getting a Covid-19 coronavirus infection. So it shouldn’t keep you from eating food since there isn’t really a viable alternative to food. The above precautions are useful to prevent not only Covid-19 coronavirus infections but other much more common food-borne illnesses. After all, bacteria and other microbes aren’t social distancing and still may be hard at work to give you runs for your money during the pandemic.


Roche gets U.S. approval for Enspryng, takes on Alexion’s Soliris

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Saturday approved Roche’s Enspryng for the central nervous system disorder neuromyelitis optica, putting the Swiss drugmaker head-to-head with Alexion’s Soliris in a costly treatment area.

Enspryng, also known by its generic name satralizumab, is already approved in Japan and comes as a shot that people can give to themselves. The wholesale acquisition cost for Enspryng is just under $220,000 for the first year when 15 doses are needed, and $190,000 for subsequent years when 13 doses are required, Roche said.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Saturday approved Roche’s Enspryng for the central nervous system disorder neuromyelitis optica, putting the Swiss drugmaker head-to-head with Alexion’s Soliris in a costly treatment area.

Enspryng, also known by its generic name satralizumab, is already approved in Japan and comes as a shot that people can give to themselves. The wholesale acquisition cost for Enspryng is just under $220,000 for the first year when 15 doses are needed, and $190,000 for subsequent years when 13 doses are required, Roche said.

Roche has been expanding its portfolio beyond cancer drugs, and its portfolio now includes Ocrevus, it’s $4 billion-per-year multiple sclerosis medicine, recently approved Evrysdi for the genetic disease spinal muscular atrophy, and hemophilia drug Hemlibra.


FDA OKs Yale ‘SalivaDirect’ COVID-19 Test To Increase Testing Capacity

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Saturday authorized the emergency use of a saliva-based COVID-19 test, which could increase the testing capacity.

What To Know: The test is called the SalivaDirect COVID-19 diagnostic test, developed by Yale School of Public Health. The new method uses saliva specimens when testing for COVID-19 infection.

“The SalivaDirect test for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 is yet another testing innovation game-changer that will reduce the demand for scarce testing resources,” said Assistant Secretary for Health and COVID-19 Testing Coordinator Admiral Brett P. Giroir, M.D., in a press release issued by the FDA.

Why It’s Important: The testing method of the saliva test is said to be quite simpler than its swab counterpart. The saliva test is quite cheaper and could be run by most diagnostic labs as it doesn’t require the kits used for a swab test.



The new test developed by the researchers at the Yale School of Public Health allows the collection of saliva in any sterile container. The method was first used on asymptomatic individuals from the National Basketball Association. Yale claims the test to be simpler, less invasive than the traditional method known as Nasopharyngeal (NP) testing or swab test.

What’s Next: “This is a huge step forward to make testing more accessible,” said Chantal Vogels, a Yale postdoctoral fellow, who led the laboratory development and validation along with Doug Brackney, an adjunct assistant clinical professor, in a press release issued by Yale University.

The method is immediately available for diagnostic laboratories across the country. Laboratories all over the country can opt for the test as it can potentially reduce costs, speed turnaround times and increase testing frequency. The Yale researchers from the School of Public Health have estimated it should cost about $10 to run each test.


Coronavirus deaths in nursing homes climbing again

The novel coronavirus is surging once more in U.S. nursing homes, where it killed tens of thousands at the start of the pandemic.

Federal data cited by two long-term care associations this week illustrated the troubling trend: The number of new cases in nursing homes bottomed out at 5,468 during the week of June 21, but it climbed to 8,628 for the week of July 19, the Washington Post reported. That’s a 58 percent increase, which roughly parallels the rise in overall U.S. cases during that period.

On Thursday, Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis warned that more COVID-19 deaths at nursing homes and assisted-living facilities may be coming, even as total caseloads have begun to decline. Florida has seen an outbreak of coronavirus cases this summer and has a large elderly population, the Post reported.

“Over the next couple weeks, I’m concerned of seeing kind of a tail, where we start to see some of these long-term-care deaths,” DeSantis said at a forum in Tallahassee.

In a different analysis of 35 states, the Kaiser Family Foundation found that cases in long-term care facilities jumped 11 percent in the two weeks ending July 10. But in 23 hot spot states, they rose 18 percent, compared with just 4 percent in 12 states that had the virus under better control, the Post reported.

“The strongest predictor of whether or not we’ll see cases in [a particular setting] is community spread,” David Grabowski, a professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical School in Boston, told the newspaper. “We saw that in the Northeast and now, unfortunately, we’re seeing it in the Sun Belt states.”

On Wednesday, America logged its highest single-day coronavirus death total of the summer.


Residents of nursing homes account for roughly 35 percent to 40 percent of all COVID-19 deaths in the United States, the Post reported.