The US has the highest number of confirmed cases of any country in the world at 179million, the equivalent of more than half of the entire population.
This is likely an underestimate, however, because testing was patchy at the start of the outbreak and some people never take a test.
Yet, anecdotally there are many stories of people whose entire families come down with the virus and they avoid an infection – even after sharing a bed with someone who is sick.
This group of people have been dubbed ‘never Covid’ and scientists have never quite worked out how they managed it.
Lead researcher Dr Alexander Mentzer said: ‘We have seen a wide variation in how quickly people test positive for Covid after vaccination.
‘Our findings suggest that our genetic code may influence how likely this is to happen over time.’
The scientists examined blood samples from people in five different trials, which looked at 1,600 adults who received the Pfizer-BioNTech or Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine as their initial shot.
Individuals with the gene had more antibodies – proteins that protect against foreign invaders – in their blood compared to those without the quirk.
They also looked at a collection of people who took Covid tests every week for over a year since their first shot.
People with the HLA-DQB1*06 gene were more unlikely to suffer a ‘breakthrough infection’ over the 12 months — where people came down with mild Covid symptoms post-shot.
Co-lead researcher Professor Julian Knight added: ‘From this study we have evidence that our genetic make-up is one of the reasons why we may differ from each other in our immune response following Covid vaccination.’
The findings were published in the journal Nature Medicine.
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