Math models of flu transmission rates indicate universal vaccine saves lives

State-level impact after replacing typical 44% efficacious seasonal vaccines with universal vaccines. Credit: Pratha Sah

A team of researchers from the Yale School of Public Health, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, the University of Texas and the University of Florida has used math models to show that the development of a universal influenza vaccine could save tens of thousands of lives annually. In their paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group describes how they used mathematical modeling to evaluate the impact of a universal flu vaccine and what they found.

Every year, millions of people in the U.S. become infected and tens of thousands die from flu. And as the researchers note, the efficacy of flu vaccines is approximately 44 percent—leaving a significant number of people at risk of being infected, even if they get a shot. They note also that the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the U.S. recently announced that a universal vaccine with an efficacy rate of approximately 75 percent had been developed, sparking hopes of greatly reducing flu infections. They further note that the U.S. government has pledged more than a billion dollars to subsidize the development of a universal vaccine that would be one hundred percent effective. In this new effort, the researchers have created and used models to show how many people would be spared infections and how much money would be saved if such a vaccine were developed and used.

The researchers report that the models showed that if just 10 percent of current vaccinations were replaced with a universal vaccine, there would be approximately 5.3 million fewer people infected each year and approximately 6,300 fewer death, and that there would be over a billion dollars saved in healthcare expenses. The team also reports that if all current vaccinations were replaced with a universal vaccine, there would be 17 million fewer infections and 19,500 fewer deaths. And the cost savings would average approximately $3.5 billion each year. They note that infection and death rate changes would vary by state as would the cost savings. But they conclude, the savings in healthcare costs related to treating influenza patients would far outweigh the amount the government has pledged to find a universal vaccine.

---

Explore further

Infectious disease A-Z: Will there be a universal flu vaccine?

---

More information: Pratha Sah et al. Future epidemiological and economic impacts of universal influenza vaccines, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2019). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909613116

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2019-09-math-flu-transmission-universal-vaccine.html