Search This Blog

Sunday, January 29, 2023

Illegal crossings at ‘freezing’ Canadian border surge during migrant crisis

 Border Patrol agents in New York, Vermont and New Hampshire apprehended more people illegally entering the US from Canada in the last three months than than in the previous two years combined amid the country’s migrant influx.

Officials in the federal agency’s eastern Swanton Sector saw a 743% increase in apprehensions and encounters between Oct. 1 and Dec. 31 compared to the same period last year, sector chief, Robert Garcia said last week, according to a press release.

In December, a record 441 people were detained by US Border Patrol and Customs at the Canadian border in the region, after flying to Canada from at least 19 countries, according to The Center Square. Fourteen others abandoned their illicit journey and at least 135 foreign nationals evaded authorities and are now in the US illegally, officials told the outlet.

Further west, the influx at the frigid northern border was tragically illustrated on Jan. 19, when two adults, a teen and and an infant from India were found frozen to death in a vehicle 40 feet from the border in North Dakota.

1of7
Migrants.
Officials in the Swanton Sector saw a 743% increase in apprehensions and encounters between Oct. 1 and Dec. 31 compared to the same period last year.
Migrants.
Officials in the Swanton Sector saw a 743% increase in apprehensions and encounters between Oct. 1 and Dec. 31 compared to the same period last year.
Advertisement
Migrants.
Officials in the Swanton Sector saw a 743% increase in apprehensions and encounters between Oct. 1 and Dec. 31 compared to the same period last year.
Migrants.
Officials in the Swanton Sector saw a 743% increase in apprehensions and encounters between Oct. 1 and Dec. 31 compared to the same period last year.
Migrants.
Advertisement

Temperatures had sunken to 13 degrees below zero during an 11 hour wait at the border, during which the group had left a vehicle and tried to enter the US on foot, officials said.

A Florida man was arrested for trying to smuggle them and a van full of fellow illicit border crossers into the US.

The CBP’s Grand Forks Sector, which covers Minnesota and North Dakota, saw 90 apprehensions in the last three months of 2022, compared to just 80 during the entire year before, The Daily Mail reported Sunday.

The numbers paled into comparison to the more than 700,000 encounters agents had reported during the same time period at the southwestern border as asylum seekers flooded to the US as a pandemic-era emergency measure that had expelled millions of them was expected to expire.

Still, those trying to enter through Canada faced a unique set of hazards than their counterparts south of the border.

Migrants in Canada.
At least 135 foreign nationals evaded authorities along the Canadian border and are now in the US illegally.
Twitter/@USBPChiefSWB

“Reckless endangerment: In freezing temperatures over uncertain terrain, families with children, from just a few months old, continue to illegally cross from Canada into the US The risk to human lives – including Border Patrol agents –is increasing,” Garcia reportedly said.

As illegal crossings soared in upstate New York and New England, so did violence. Nine assaults were recorded in connection with illegal Canadian crossings from July to November after authorities reported no attacks for the previous 27 months, officials reportedly said.

A Mexican national who had flow to Canada to enter the US illegally from the north pleaded guilty to “unlawfully entering the United States and assaulting and resisting a federal agent,” and faces a year in prison and a fine of up to $100,000.

Migrants illegally cross the Rio Grande from Mexico to the US in El Paso, Texas.
Migrants illegally cross the Rio Grande from Mexico to the US in El Paso, Texas.
AFP via Getty Images
Migrants from Venezuela, Cuba, Haiti and Afghanistan wait in line outside at the Mexican Commission for Refugee Assistance in Mexico City.
Migrants from Venezuela, Cuba, Haiti and Afghanistan wait in line outside at the Mexican Commission for Refugee Assistance in Mexico City.
Anadolu Agency via Getty Images

CBP has warned that the frozen terrain, covered with snow and ice, makes “traversing unfamiliar territory perilous,” and officials have ended up “rendering potentially life-saving aid” to groups of people with small children trying to enter the country on foot.

“Swanton Sector’s greatest concern in carrying out our mission of border security is the preservation of life – the lives of community residents we are sworn to protect, the lives of our Border Patrol Agents carrying out the mission day-in and day-out in the field, and the lives of the individuals, families, and children we are charged with apprehending as they attempt to circumvent legal processes for entry,” Garcia reportedly said.

“Unfortunately, the transnational criminal organizations that stand to profit from the increased flow of human traffic care only about profits and have no concern for the welfare of those whose plight they seek to exploit for financial gain.”

https://nypost.com/2023/01/29/illegal-crossings-at-canadian-border-surge-during-migrant-crisis/

Saturday, January 28, 2023

Affordable air monitors identify ‘super-spreader’ areas in health settings

 Measuring levels of CO2, the gas we produce naturally when breathing, can help to identify poorly ventilated spaces that carry a high risk of COVID-19 transmission.

Placing CO2 monitors in public spaces, such as hospitals, schools and aged-care facilities, could play a major role in the battle against airborne respiratory viruses, such as COVID-19 and the flu, according to South Australian health experts.

Low-cost CO2 sensors can accurately identify areas at risk for ‘super-spreader’ events, as reported in a major new study led by South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) and Flinders University medical researchers.

The research, carried out at the Helping Hand Lightsview residential aged-care home in Adelaide, involved assessment of airborne transmission risk in more than 60 areas used by staff and residents.

“COVID-19 has demonstrated the devastating consequences of the rapid spread of an airborne virus in residential aged care,” says Dr Steven Taylor, co-author of a new article published in Age and Ageing.

“Reassuringly, we found that none of the resident areas were found to be high-risk. However, a number of staff areas, including meeting rooms and tea rooms, were flagged as potential transmission zones.”

In partnership with Helping Hand, the research team was able to take simple measures to increase ventilation in these staff areas – and the changes demonstrated substantially reduced transmission risk.

“Almost all buildings have areas that carry a high risk of airborne transmission of respiratory viruses. However, the ability to identify these areas and implement strategies to reduce this risk has been limited,” researchers say.

“CO2 monitoring is inexpensive, re-deployable and an underutilised method to quickly and accurately identify high-risk areas.”

Dr Taylor, Professor Geraint Rogers and colleagues from SAHMRI and Flinders University are leading a series of  research projects to reduce infection spread within aged-care settings, including the usefulness of using ultraviolet light. The research is ongoing.

The article, Targeted reduction of airborne viral transmission risk in long-term residential aged care (2022) by Amanda Brass, Andrew P Shoubridge, Nicolas Larby, Levi Elms, Sarah K Sims, Erin Flynn, Caroline Miller, Maria Crotty, Lito E Papanicolas, Steve L Wesselingh, Lidia Morawska, Scott C Bell, Steven L Taylor and Geraint B Rogers ,has been published in Age and Ageing (Oxford University Press / British Geriatrics Society). DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac316.

Corona vaccine based on new technology tested in clinical study

 A new COVID-19 vaccine based on a different platform than current vaccines on the market has been tested in humans for the first time by researchers at Radboud university medical center. Administration of this vaccine in healthy study participants was well tolerated and led to a good immune response. The effectiveness of the vaccine is currently being further investigated. First results are expected later this year.

The new vaccine, called ABNCoV2, is different from coronavirus vaccines marketed to date: the mRNA vaccines (such as those from Pfizer and Moderna), the vector vaccines (such as those from Janssen and AstraZeneca) and the protein vaccine made by Novavax. ABNCoV2 is a capsid-like virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine. This means that the new corona vaccine consists of elements that resemble virus particles. To the immune system, these particles look like a virus, but they cannot replicate. The virus-like particles can be charged with antigens such as the spike protein of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. As a result, the body quickly reacts to the virus by making antibodies and T cells. 

This vaccine was developed by the Danish biotechnology company AdaptVac, in collaboration with Radboudumc and the Prevent-nCoV consortium. Radboudumc was responsible for the design and implementation of the study.

Few side effects
This study, conducted by a team of clinical researchers at Radboud university medical center, investigated safety and tolerability of the vaccine. 45 healthy study participants, who had not yet had COVID-19 and had not been vaccinated, received two doses of the new vaccine. They were followed for six months after the second vaccination. The participants produced antibodies and T cells against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the study showed that the vaccine was well tolerated by the study participants: a few side effects were reported. Principal investigator Prof. dr. Benjamin Mordmüller, professor of medical microbiology at Radboud university medical center: "The vaccine has exceeded our expectations in terms of immunity and tolerability”. The results have now been published in The Lancet Microbe

Effectiveness
To determine the effectiveness of this vaccine, follow-up research is needed. Several efficacy studies are currently taking place. Clinical investigator Merel Smit is hopeful about this: a vaccine based on a similar principle is the vaccine against the HPV virus that can cause cervical cancer, among other things. With this vaccine, immunity is maintained for a long period of time and no booster later in life is needed. If this also applies to the new corona vaccine, it may mean that any booster vaccinations can be given at longer intervals. 

Other infectious diseases
An important advantage of this type of vaccine is its ability to be quickly adapted in the event that the SARS-CoV-2 virus acquires mutations that reduce the efficacy of the ABNCoV2 vaccine. In addition, this so-called cVLP platform, the basis of the vaccine, is highly flexible and can also be used to develop improved vaccines for global infectious diseases, such as malaria and influenza. This was not yet possible with the vaccine against the HPV virus. A malaria vaccine is currently being developed based on this vaccine, which is expected to be tested next year.

Mordmüller: "The results are very good news for the development of vaccines against a wide range of infectious diseases for which we have no or only partially active conventional vaccines” says Mordmüller.

About the publication
This study was published in The Lancet Microbe: First-in-human use of a modular capsid virus-like vaccine platform: an open-label, non-randomized, phase 1 clinical trial of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ABNCoV2 . Merel J Smit, Adam F Sander, Maud B P A Ariaans, Cyrielle Fougeroux, Constanze Heinzel, Rolf Fendel, Meral Esen, Peter G Kremsner, Rob ter Heine, Heiman F Wertheim, [...] Willem A de Jongh, Matthew B B McCall, Morten A Nielsen, Benjamin G Mordmüller, on behalf of the COUGH-1 trial study group.


 

OHSU researchers find immune response to COVID-19 strengthens over time

 Immunity from COVID-19 appears to gather strength with more time between vaccination and infection, a new laboratory study from researchers at Oregon Health & Science University suggests. The findings carry implications for vaccine recommendations as the pandemic transitions to an endemic state.

Researchers measured the antibody response in blood samples for a group of people who gained so-called “hybrid immunity” through two means: either vaccination followed by a breakthrough infection, or by getting vaccinated after contracting COVID-19. They measured the immune response in blood samples of 96 generally healthy OHSU employees and found that the immune response was uniformly stronger the longer the time period between vaccination and infection. The longest interval measured was 404 days.

Their findings suggest that vaccine boosters should be spaced no more frequently than a year apart, at least among healthy people.

“Longer intervals between natural infection and vaccination appear to strengthen immune response for otherwise healthy people,” said co-senior author Fikadu Tafesse, Ph.D., associate professor of molecular microbiology and immunology in the OHSU School of Medicine.

The study comes as an advisory panel for the Food and Drug Administration is due to meet Thursday, Jan. 26, to consider the nation’s COVID-19 vaccine strategy going forward.

Published in the Journal for Clinical Investigation Insight, the new research is the latest in a series of laboratory discoveries by OHSU scientists revealing a pattern of strengthened immune response through hybrid immunity. Their findings suggest that the magnitude, potency and breadth of hybrid immune response all increased with a longer time period between exposure to the virus — whether through vaccination or natural infection.

This likely is related to the body’s immune response maturing over time, said co-senior author Marcel Curlin, M.D., associate professor of medicine (infectious diseases) in the OHSU School of Medicine and medical director of OHSU Occupational Health.

“The immune system is learning,” Curlin said. “If you’re going to amplify a response, what this study tells us is that you might want to boost that response after a longer period of learning rather than early after exposure.”

Further, the research team found that it didn’t matter whether someone developed hybrid immunity by getting vaccinated after contracting COVID-19 or after a breakthrough infection following vaccination. Both groups developed an equally potent immune response.

The findings suggest long-lasting potency of so-called “memory cells,” the B cells that recognize an invading virus and generate protein antibodies to neutralize the virus and its many variants. The authors write that an ever-growing pool of people who have contracted the SARS-CoV-2 virus stand to benefit from vaccination, even if they’ve delayed it until now.

Relying on natural infection alone is a bad idea, “given the risks of severe illness, long-term complications, and death,” the authors write.

The researchers say the findings are the latest to point toward the virus evolving to an endemic state.

“Our results point to a future where inevitable vaccine breakthrough infections would be expected to help build a reservoir of population-level immunity that can help blunt future waves and reduce the opportunity for further viral evolution,” they write.

The researchers cautioned that the immune response was measured in relatively healthy people, and boosters may be advisable on a more frequent basis among vulnerable people who are older or are immunocompromised.

Funding for this study was supported by the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust; the OHSU Foundation; the National Institutes of Health training grant T32HL083808; NIH grant R01AI145835; and a grant from the OHSU Innovates IDEA fund. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.

Ukraine in talks with allies about getting long-range missiles

 Expedited talks are under way among Kyiv and its allies about Ukraine's requests for long-range missiles that it says are needed to prevent Russia from destroying Ukrainian cities, a top aide to President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said on Saturday.

Ukraine has won promises of Western battle tanks and is seeking fighter jets to push back against Russian and pro-Moscow forces, which are slowly advancing along part of the front line.

"To drastically reduce the Russian army's key weapon - the artillery they use today on the front lines - we need missiles that will destroy their depots," presidential adviser Mykhailo Podolyak told Ukraine's Freedom television network. He said on the Russian-occupied Crimean Peninsula there were more than 100 artillery warehouses.

"Therefore, firstly, negotiations are already under way. Secondly, negotiations are proceeding at an accelerated pace," he said without giving details.

Zelenskiy, speaking separately, said Ukraine wanted to preempt Russian attacks on Ukrainian urban areas and civilians.

"Ukraine needs long-range missiles ... to deprive the occupier of the opportunity to place its missile launchers somewhere far from the front line and destroy Ukrainian cities," he said in an evening video address.

Zelenskiy said Ukraine needed the U.S.-made ATACMS missile, which has a range of 185 miles (297km). Washington has so far declined to provide the weapon.

Earlier in the day, the Ukrainian air force denied a newspaper report that it intended to get 24 fighter jets from allies, saying talks were continuing, Ukraine's Babel online outlet said.

Spain's El Pais newspaper, citing Ukrainian air force spokesperson Yuri Ihnat, said Ukraine initially wanted two squadrons of 12 planes each, preferably Lockheed Martin F-16 jets.

But in a statement to Babel, Ihnat said his comments to a media briefing on Friday had been misinterpreted.