Search This Blog

Monday, November 6, 2023

DHS created Stanford ‘disinfo’ group that censored speech before 2020 election

 New emails show officials at the Department of Homeland Security created a Stanford University “disinformation” group that censored Americans’ speech before the 2020 election, according to a House Judiciary Committee report exclusively obtained by The Post.

The House panel’s 103-page staff interim report says never-before-seen emails and internal communications were obtained from the group, known as the Election Integrity Partnership (EIP), and show how it worked with DHS’ Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to flag, suppress and remove online speech in coordination with big tech companies.

One of EIP’s founding partners — the Atlantic Council’s Digital Forensic Research Lab — described CISA’s central role in the alleged censorship effort in a July 31, 2020, email.

“I know the Council has a number of efforts on broad policy around the elections, but we just set up an election integrity partnership at the request of DHS/CISA and are in weekly comms to debrief about disinfo,” the lab’s senior director Graham Brookie wrote.

The staff report says, “[T]he federal government and universities pressured social media companies to censor true information, jokes, and political opinions.

Here is a related email from Atlantic Council DFR Lab Senior Director Graham Brookie.
NY Post
The online posts labeled “misinformation” were made by public officials such as former President Donald Trump.
Getty Images

“This pressure was largely directed in a way that benefitted one side of the political aisle: true information posted by Republicans and conservatives was labeled as ‘misinformation’ while false information posted by Democrats and liberals was largely unreported and untouched by the censors.”

The “misinformation” posts were made by public officials such as former President Donald Trump, Sen. Thom Tillis (R-NC), Rep. Thomas Massie (R-Ky.), media outlets such as Newsmax and The Babylon Bee and many conservative commentators.

The Judiciary report also found that while under the purview of CISA’s Countering Foreign Influence Task Force, the central focus of the feds’ effort was to “censor Americans engaged in core political speech in the lead up to the 2020 election.”

DHS acknowledged that it could not “openly endorse” a centralized portal to flag information in a May 2020 email released in the staff report, which cleared the way for Stanford’s EIP to take up the effort in July of that year.

The task force used a tactic known as “switchboarding” to refer to removal requests from state and local officials to Facebook, Twitter and other social media sites, which CISA-CFITF Director Brian Scully confirmed in testimony in the bombshell case Missouri v. Biden.

Brian Scully, a figure in the controversy, gave testimony in the bombshell case Missouri v. Biden.
New Civil Liberties Alliance / Youtube
Emails in the interim staff report show Scully informing members of the Office of the Colorado Secretary of State that he had flagged parody accounts to Twitter.
NY Post

Emails in the interim staff report show Scully informing members of the Office of the Colorado Secretary of State that he had flagged parody accounts to Twitter and advised Facebook to take down a post about the election that was deemed misinformation.

The exchanges show that CISA recognized it was on shaky legal grounds by participating in the effort and chose to add a disclaimer beneath many emails that its requests were “voluntary” and the agency “neither has nor seeks the ability to remove what information is made available on social media platforms.”

However, those emails also included a line that the “information may also be shared with law enforcement or intelligence agencies,” implying those agencies could take action if the posts weren’t removed.

Former CISA Director Chris Krebs, who was fired by Trump after the 2020 election, testified to the subcommittee that “switchboarding” was done before his agency was created as well.

Exchanges show that group recognized it was on shaky legal ground by participating in the effort and chose to add a disclaimer beneath many emails that its requests were “voluntary.”
NY Post

Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas testified in a House Judiciary Committee hearing in July that the agency no longer participates in the practice.

The Judiciary staff report also discloses that Stanford students were working at both CISA and EIP simultaneously.

“Not only were there a number of university students involved with the EIP, at least four of the students were employed by CISA during the operation of EIP, using their government email accounts to communicate with CISA officials and other ‘external stakeholders’ involved with the EIP,” it states.

Former CISA Director Chris Krebs, who was fired by Trump after the 2020 election, testified to the subcommittee.
Jim LoScalzo / Greg Nash / Pool via CNP / SplashNews.com

In a statement given to The Post on Monday, CISA Executive Director Brandon Wales said the agency “does not and has never censored speech or facilitated censorship.

“Every day, the men and women of CISA execute the agency’s mission of reducing risk to U.S. critical infrastructure in a way that protects Americans’ freedom of speech, civil rights, civil liberties, and privacy,” Wales said.

“In response to concerns from election officials of all parties regarding foreign influence operations and disinformation that may impact the security of election infrastructure, CISA mitigates the risk of disinformation by sharing information on election literacy and election security with the public and by amplifying the trusted voices of election officials across the nation.”

The “disinfo” organization was led by Stanford University’s Stanford Internet Observatory (SIO) and founded with the help of other academics who communicated directly with Homeland Security officials and members of the State Department’s Global Engagement Center (GEC), the report said.

SIO was conceived as a “one-stop shop for local election officials, DHS, and voter protection organizations” to coordinate with social media platforms in the censorship effort, according to its director Alex Stamos, who previously served as chief security officer at Facebook.

In June, Stamos testified to the House subcommittee that CISA’s coordination with the FBI came across as a threat.

Alex Stamos, who previously served as chief security officer at Facebook, said the idea was to create a “one-stop shop for local election officials, DHS, and voter protection organizations” to coordinate with social media platforms in the censorship effort.
REUTERS

“[D]ealing with a law enforcement agency that has coercive powers is just a risky thing to do if you’re part of some big organization and some other — there might be some investigation involving the organization that you don’t even know about,” he said.

“I think all executives of all public companies understand that there’s lots of parts of the government that can punish you for activity that you thought was appropriate.”

Stamos did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Trump established CISA in 2018 to improve federal cybersecurity programs and protect government software from hackers.

https://nypost.com/2023/11/06/news/new-emails-show-dhs-created-stanford-disinfo-group-that-censored-speech-before-2020-election/




Immune system: Mechanisms of alarmin release discovered

 Many common illnesses such as arteriosclerosis and diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's are associated with inflammatory processes. Gaining a better understanding of these processes is therefore an important stepping stone toward the development of new therapeutic approaches. Specific immune cells known as neutrophils play a decisive role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory processes in blood and tissue. In the course of their activation, these neutrophils already begin to release pro-inflammatory messengers into blood vessels, signaling to the body that the immune system must redouble its efforts.

A team led by Professor Markus Sperandio at LMU's Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology has now discovered the molecular mechanisms by which neutrophils release certain messengers known as alarmins in a very early phase of the immune response.

As the researchers report in the journal Nature Immunology, the release of these alarmins from the cell interior occurs through gasdermin D pores in the cell membrane of the neutrophils, which are formed by activation of the so-called NLRP3 inflammasome. It was already known that immune cells can form these pores after extended periods of activation. However, the LMU team, supported by partners in Germany and Switzerland, has now been able to demonstrate for the first time that the pore formation and alarmin release take place in the blood circulation and not just later in the tissue.

Rapid and reversible pore formation

The research team also discovered that the process is not only fast, but reversible. That is to say, the neutrophils can remove the formed pores again in a matter of minutes. This prevents the cell death that would otherwise set in, as is often observed after activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent pore formation.

The research thus expands our knowledge of how the NLRP3 inflammasome works and opens up the possibility of therapeutically influencing inflammatory processes at a very early stage through modulation of the mechanisms involved in alarmin release.

Journal Reference:

  1. Monika Pruenster, Roland Immler, Jonas Roth, Tim Kuchler, Thomas Bromberger, Matteo Napoli, Katrin Nussbaumer, Ina Rohwedder, Lou Martha Wackerbarth, Chiara Piantoni, Konstantin Hennis, Diana Fink, Sebastian Kallabis, Tobias Schroll, Sergi Masgrau-Alsina, Agnes Budke, Wang Liu, Dietmar Vestweber, Christian Wahl-Schott, Johannes Roth, Felix Meissner, Markus Moser, Thomas Vogl, Veit Hornung, Petr Broz, Markus Sperandio. E-selectin-mediated rapid NLRP3 inflammasome activation regulates S100A8/S100A9 release from neutrophils via transient gasdermin D pore formationNature Immunology, 2023; DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01656-1

New antibodies neutralize resistant bacteria

 A research team has discovered antibodies that could lead to a new approach to treating acute and chronic infections with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to its numerous resistance mechanisms, P. aeruginosa is associated with high morbidity and mortality and can cause complicated infections and dangerous cases of sepsis in severely ill patients. The team of scientists from the University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research in Braunschweig and University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf isolated the antibodies from immune cells of chronically ill patients and described their binding mechanisms. The study 'Discovery of highly neutralizing human antibodies targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa' was published in the scientific journal Cell.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a crucial health concern worldwide not only to infected people, but also to our healthcare systems in general. Infections with the bacterium P. aeruginosa in particular are a threat due to numerous resistance mechanisms, often leading to complicated infections of the lungs and dangerous sepsis, especially in severely ill patients. In addition, the pathogen can permanently colonize organs such as the lungs, where it promotes progressive tissue damage. Often, so-called last-resort antibiotics must be used to treat infected patients, as the standard treatments no longer work. New therapeutic approaches are therefore urgently needed to ensure effective treatment for infections with multi-resistant pathogens such as P. aeruginosa in the future.

In their study, the researchers therefore investigated whether the approach of isolating broadly neutralizing human antibodies, which has been successful for viral infections, could also be used for the development of new therapies against bacterial infections. "Many of the therapeutic antibodies that are already being used against viruses have been isolated and developed from infected, recovered or vaccinated individuals," said lead author Dr Alexander Simonis, resident physician at the Infectiology Department of Department I of Internal Medicine and head of the BMBF-funded junior research group 'Immunotherapies against bacterial infections' at the UoC's Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne.

The research team isolated highly effective antibodies against this pathogen from immune cells of patients with cystic fibrosis who were chronically infected with P. aeruginosa. These antibodies block an important virulence factor of the bacterium, the so-called type III secretion system, which plays an important role especially in severe infections with P. aeruginosa. In extensive experiments using cell cultures and animal models, the researchers were able to show that the newly developed antibodies are as effective against the bacterium as conventional antibiotics. However, since the activity of these antibodies is independent of the mechanisms of action and resistance of antibiotics, these so-called pathoblockers can also -- in contrast to many conventional antibiotics -- work on highly resistant bacteria.

"The findings and the experimental approaches can also be transferred to other bacterial pathogens and thus represent a promising new approach for the treatment of infections with multi-resistant bacteria," concluded the last author of the study, lecturer (Privatdozent) Dr Jan Rybniker, physician at the Infectiology Department of Department I for Internal Medicine and head of the 'Translational Research Unit -- Infectious Diseases' at University Hospital Cologne and the UoC's Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne.

The study was conducted with funding from the Clinician Scientist Programme of the UoC'S Faculty of Medicine, the Career Advancement Program of the Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne as well as from the funding measure 'Young Researchers Groups in Infection Research' by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, which has supported Dr Simonis since May 2022 with a junior research group.

The scientists are now planning to further develop the antibodies and to test them in clinical trials. In the long term, they plan to use the antibodies as part of a new therapeutic approach, especially in acute and severe infections with P. aeruginosa. According to the researchers, the antibodies also offer the possibility to protect patients with an increased risk of P. aeruginosa infections -- especially in intensive care units or in the case of cancer -- by means of passive immunization.

Journal Reference:

  1. Alexander Simonis, Christoph Kreer, Alexandra Albus, Katharina Rox, Biao Yuan, Dmitriy Holzmann, Joana A. Wilms, Sylvia Zuber, Lisa Kottege, Sandra Winter, Meike Meyer, Kristin Schmitt, Henning Gruell, Sebastian J. Theobald, Anna-Maria Hellmann, Christina Meyer, Meryem Seda Ercanoglu, Nina Cramer, Antje Munder, Michael Hallek, Gerd Fätkenheuer, Manuel Koch, Harald Seifert, Ernst Rietschel, Thomas C. Marlovits, Silke van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel, Florian Klein, Jan Rybniker. Discovery of highly neutralizing human antibodies targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosaCell, 2023; DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.002

Innovation in insulin-producing cells

 A University of Alberta team has developed a new step to improve the process for creating insulin-producing pancreatic cells from a patient's own stem cells, bringing the prospect of injection-free treatment closer for people with diabetes.

The researchers take stem cells from a single patient's blood and chemically wind them back in time, then forward again in a process called "directed differentiation," to eventually become insulin-producing cells.

In research published this month, the team treated pancreatic progenitor cells with an anti-tumour drug known as AKT/P70 inhibitor AT7867. They report the method produced the desired cells at a rate of 90 per cent, compared with previous methods that produced just 60 per cent target cells. The new cells were less likely to produce unwanted cysts and led to insulin injection-free glucose control in half the time when transplanted into mice. The team believes its efforts will soon be able to eliminate the final five to 10 per cent of cells that do not result in pancreatic cells.

"We need a stem cell solution that provides a potentially limitless source of cells," says James Shapiro, Canada Research Chair in Transplant Surgery and Regenerative Medicine and head of the Edmonton Protocol, which has allowed 750 transplantations of donated islet cells since it was first developed 21 years ago. "We need a way to make those cells so that they can't be seen and recognized as foreign by the body's immune system."

The researchers suggest this safer and more reliable way to grow insulin-producing cells from a patient's own blood could eventually allow transplants without the need for anti-rejection drugs. Recipients of donated cells must take anti-rejection drugs for life, and the therapy is limited by the small number of donated organs available.

Shapiro says further safety and efficacy studies will need to be carried out before transplantation of stem-cell-derived islet cells is ready for human trials, but he is excited by the progress.

"What we're trying to do here is peer over the horizon and try to imagine what diabetes care is going to look like 15, 20, 30 years from now," he says. "I don't think people will be injecting insulin anymore. I don't think they'll be wearing pumps and sensors."

Journal Reference:

  1. Nerea Cuesta-Gomez, Kevin Verhoeff, Nidheesh Dadheech, Rena Pawlick, Braulio Marfil-Garza, Haide Razavy, A.M. James Shapiro. AT7867 promotes pancreatic progenitor differentiation of human iPSCsStem Cell Reports, 2023; DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.005

Brain implant may enable communication from thoughts alone

 A speech prosthetic developed by a collaborative team of Duke neuroscientists, neurosurgeons, and engineers can translate a person's brain signals into what they're trying to say.

Appearing Nov. 6 in the journal Nature Communications, the new technology might one day help people unable to talk due to neurological disorders regain the ability to communicate through a brain-computer interface.

"There are many patients who suffer from debilitating motor disorders, like ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) or locked-in syndrome, that can impair their ability to speak," said Gregory Cogan, Ph.D., a professor of neurology at Duke University's School of Medicine and one of the lead researchers involved in the project. "But the current tools available to allow them to communicate are generally very slow and cumbersome."

Imagine listening to an audiobook at half-speed. That's the best speech decoding rate currently available, which clocks in at about 78 words per minute. People, however, speak around 150 words per minute.

The lag between spoken and decoded speech rates is partially due the relatively few brain activity sensors that can be fused onto a paper-thin piece of material that lays atop the surface of the brain. Fewer sensors provide less decipherable information to decode.

To improve on past limitations, Cogan teamed up with fellow Duke Institute for Brain Sciences faculty member Jonathan Viventi, Ph.D., whose biomedical engineering lab specializes in making high-density, ultra-thin, and flexible brain sensors.

For this project, Viventi and his team packed an impressive 256 microscopic brain sensors onto a postage stamp-sized piece of flexible, medical-grade plastic. Neurons just a grain of sand apart can have wildly different activity patterns when coordinating speech, so it's necessary to distinguish signals from neighboring brain cells to help make accurate predictions about intended speech.

After fabricating the new implant, Cogan and Viventi teamed up with several Duke University Hospital neurosurgeons, including Derek Southwell, M.D., Ph.D., Nandan Lad, M.D., Ph.D., and Allan Friedman, M.D., who helped recruit four patients to test the implants. The experiment required the researchers to place the device temporarily in patients who were undergoing brain surgery for some other condition, such as treating Parkinson's disease or having a tumor removed. Time was limited for Cogan and his team to test drive their device in the OR.

"I like to compare it to a NASCAR pit crew," Cogan said. "We don't want to add any extra time to the operating procedure, so we had to be in and out within 15 minutes. As soon as the surgeon and the medical team said 'Go!' we rushed into action and the patient performed the task."

The task was a simple listen-and-repeat activity. Participants heard a series of nonsense words, like "ava," "kug," or "vip," and then spoke each one aloud. The device recorded activity from each patient's speech motor cortex as it coordinated nearly 100 muscles that move the lips, tongue, jaw, and larynx.

Afterwards, Suseendrakumar Duraivel, the first author of the new report and a biomedical engineering graduate student at Duke, took the neural and speech data from the surgery suite and fed it into a machine learning algorithm to see how accurately it could predict what sound was being made, based only on the brain activity recordings.

For some sounds and participants, like /g/ in the word "gak," the decoder got it right 84% of the time when it was the first sound in a string of three that made up a given nonsense word.

Accuracy dropped, though, as the decoder parsed out sounds in the middle or at the end of a nonsense word. It also struggled if two sounds were similar, like /p/ and /b/.

Overall, the decoder was accurate 40% of the time. That may seem like a humble test score, but it was quite impressive given that similar brain-to-speech technical feats require hours or days-worth of data to draw from. The speech decoding algorithm Duraivel used, however, was working with only 90 seconds of spoken data from the 15-minute test.

Duraivel and his mentors are excited about making a cordless version of the device with a recent $2.4M grant from the National Institutes of Health.

"We're now developing the same kind of recording devices, but without any wires," Cogan said. "You'd be able to move around, and you wouldn't have to be tied to an electrical outlet, which is really exciting."

While their work is encouraging, there's still a long way to go for Viventi and Cogan's speech prosthetic to hit the shelves anytime soon.

"We're at the point where it's still much slower than natural speech," Viventi said in a recent Duke Magazine piece about the technology, "but you can see the trajectory where you might be able to get there."

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes for Health (R01DC019498, UL1TR002553), Department of Defense (W81XWH-21-0538), Klingenstein-Simons Foundation, and an Incubator Award from the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences.

Journal Reference:

  1. Suseendrakumar Duraivel, Shervin Rahimpour, Chia-Han Chiang, Michael Trumpis, Charles Wang, Katrina Barth, Stephen C. Harward, Shivanand P. Lad, Allan H. Friedman, Derek G. Southwell, Saurabh R. Sinha, Jonathan Viventi, Gregory B. Cogan. High-resolution neural recordings improve the accuracy of speech decodingNature Communications, 2023; 14 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42555-1