Canadian employers, facing labor shortage, accommodate unvaccinated

 

Canada's tight labor market is forcing many companies to offer regular COVID-19 testing over vaccine mandates, while others are reversing previously announced inoculation requirements even as Omicron variant cases rise.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's government adopted one of the strictest inoculation policies in the world for civil servants and has already put more than 1,000 workers on unpaid leave, with thousands more at risk.

Airlines, police forces, school boards and even Canada's Big Five banks https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canadas-major-banks-require-employees-entering-premises-be-vaccinated-2021-08-20 have also pledged strict mandatory vaccine policies. But following through has proven less straightforward, especially as employers grapple with staffing shortages and workers demand exemptions.

Job vacancies in Canada have doubled so far this year, official data shows, and vaccine mandates can make filling those jobs harder, potentially putting upward pressure on wages. That could fuel inflation https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canadas-annual-inflation-rate-hits-47-oct-highest-since-feb-2003-2021-11-17, already running at a near two-decade high.

"It's already difficult to find staff, let alone putting in a vaccine mandate. You'd cut out potentially another 20%" of potential workers, said Dan Kelly, chief executive of the Canadian Federation of Independent Business.

There are pitfalls to employing the unvaccinated. Companies run a higher risk of COVID-19 outbreaks and many vaccinated employees are uncomfortable working with those who have not had the jab, said industry groups and marketing experts.

At Luda Foods, a Montreal-based soup and sauce maker, president Robert Eiser said he has 14 open jobs, no vaccine mandate and no plans to restrict new hires to the vaccinated.

"I don't know that I want to reduce the (labor) pool, which is already quite low," said Eiser. "We need to attract people to meet the demand. If we don't, our competitors will."

Data released on Friday underpinned Canada's tight labor market, with a hefty 153,700 jobs https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/canada-posts-hefty-job-gains-outlook-clouded-by-omicron-variant-2021-12-03 added in November. It also showed a growing mismatch between available workers and unfilled jobs. And job postings are far above pre-pandemic levels.

https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/AIR-CANADA-18464295/news/Canadian-employers-facing-labor-shortage-accommodate-the-unvaccinated-37219703/

US Companies Are 'Hostages' To China

 by Emel Akan via The Epoch Times,

Foreign firms doing business in China should be aware of the costs of transacting with a totalitarian regime that controls everything in society and can easily bend any company to its will.

Heads of U.S. corporations don’t dare to criticize the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) even in private settings. They know Big Brother is always watching them.

JPMorgan boss Jamie Dimon’s quick apology over a joke he made recently about the country’s communist regime provides a good example of how business leaders fear retribution from Beijing.

Clyde Prestowitz, author and strategist on Asia and globalization, explains the true cost of doing business in China in his latest book “The World Turned Upside Down: America, China, and the Struggle for Global Leadership.” He was a presidential advisor and a leader of the first American trade mission to China in 1982.

The U.S. companies that are highly coupled with China face all kinds of risks, from intellectual property theft to commercial cyber espionage. But the biggest, most fundamental risk is “the loss of free speech,” Prestowitz says in his book.

Dimon is not alone as there are many examples of free-world CEOs and presidents making apologies or backtracking when they anger the Chinese regime.

During Hong Kong protests in 2019, for example, Apple pulled from its app store a map application widely used by pro-democracy protestors that showed the location of police patrols and tear gas deployments, citing security reasons. The move was made after Chinese state media piled pressure calling for the app’s removal. Google also sparked controversy when it removed a Hong Kong protest role-playing game from its app store.

These are by no means the only apparently self-censorship incidents by U.S tech companies. Apple, for example, removed nearly 55,000 active apps from its app store in China since 2017, according to a New York Times report. They include apps made by minorities oppressed by the regime, including Uyghurs and Tibetans.

Over the years, the list of entities that have caved to Beijing’s censorship demands has grown long. The Gap, Disney, Delta Airlines, Medtronic, Marriott, the NBA, and many others have all bowed to the Chinese regime over issues ranging from Taiwan to Uyghurs to Hong Kong.

Such actions by U.S. firms, though, have drawn criticism from lawmakers on both sides of the aisle, who accuse companies of sacrificing American values for the allure of profits in the world’s second-largest economy.

For the CEO of Apple Tim Cook and other U.S. corporate executives navigating the Chinese market, they effectively become “hostages” to the whims of the Chinese regime.

“They may be perceived as the heads of American companies, but they fear Beijing far more than they fear Washington,” Prestowitz writes in his book.

Since there’s no rule of law in China, they become “captive,” he adds. In Washington, they have lawyers and lobbyists that give them the power to influence or sue the U.S. government. In Beijing, however, they can’t sue the Chinese regime because they know they would lose—the courts in China are controlled by the Communist Party—and would face retaliation from the regime for even trying.

Beijing is aware of this leverage and hence can freely use companies as a tool. As I wrote in a previous column, the Chinese Embassy in Washington is pressuring U.S. companies and trade groups that have business interests in China to lobby against a comprehensive China bill that aims to enhance U.S. competitiveness and hold Beijing accountable for its human rights abuses.

According to Prestowitz, entities that are under pressure could be giants like Walmart, Apple, General Electric, and FedEx as well as organizations like the U.S.-China Business Council.

None of this should come as a surprise. As The Epoch Times readers will know, China exerts significant influence in the United States. It spent more than $67 million on lobbyists last year, a sixfold increase since 2016, according to OpenSecrets.

And this is only the tip of the iceberg, as it only covers the overt influence operations that need to be disclosed under the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA).

The FARA, passed in 1938, requires a person who represents a foreign interest to register as a foreign agent. The law, however, falls short in addressing less overt political influence operations conducted through proxies, including corporations, trade associations, and think tanks. Many China hawks in Washington are urging Congress to close this loophole in foreign influence.

“It’s really something that must be addressed,” Prestowitz tells me.

If heads of corporations have substantial business operations in China, “they should not be allowed to make political donations in the United States,” he said.

“When they testify before Congress, they should be compelled to declare that they are testifying as the leaders of Chinese businesses. They should be made to tell the public and the Congress that they in fact, are subject to pressure and influence by the Chinese Communist Party.”

https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/us-companies-are-hostages-china

Biden plan for free at-home tests faces hurdles

 President Biden announced a plan with much fanfare on Thursday for free at-home COVID-19 tests as part of his effort to tame the pandemic this winter.

But the catch is that people will still have to pay the cost up front for the tests, which can be over $20 for a pack of two at the local CVS, and then submit receipts to their health insurer to get reimbursed. 

That process has raised concerns among experts that the upfront cost and added hassle of reimbursement will still cause barriers to testing, a contrast to European countries where tests are free or just a couple of dollars up front.

Larry Levitt, a health policy expert at the Kaiser Family Foundation, said Biden’s announcement would “certainly make at home testing more accessible,” but added that “it’s still going to be cumbersome for people.”

Advocates have been pushing for greater access to rapid at-home tests for over a year, saying that frequent and cheap rapid tests can help limit spread of the virus without resorting to business closures by giving people the ability to know when they are infectious and need to isolate, and when they are not. 

Some progress has been made, as the administration says the supply of at-home tests is set to quadruple compared to late summer. 

“When I came into office, none of these tests were on the market,” Biden said Thursday at the National Institutes of Health. “Thanks to our actions and the work of all of you, we now have at least eight at-home testing options and prices for those tests are coming down.  

“But it still isn’t good enough, in my view,” he added. “That’s why I am announcing that health insurers must cover the cost of at-home testing.  So that if you’re one of the 150 million Americans with private health insurance, next month your plan will cover at-home tests.”

Jennifer Nuzzo, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said that the upfront cost would act as “barriers” for some people, or at least make them think twice about getting a test at a time when frequent testing should be encouraged. 

“The answer to ‘do I really need this?’ is always yes,” Nuzzo said. 

“The most preferable option would be to make these goddamn things free or close to free and make them widely available so people can just pick them up,” she added. 

White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki was asked Thursday why the administration is not directly subsidizing the tests as some other countries are doing. 

She replied that the reimbursement through insurance setup “was implementable and possible to do now, and we will continue to build on it.”

Craig Spencer, director of global health in emergency medicine at Columbia University Medical Center, pointed to other countries with better rapid test access. 

“I just did a BBC interview,” he tweeted. “The host said that in the U.K. you can just walk into a pharmacy and pick up free tests. I informed him that at-home tests in the US cost $8-$10 each—if you can find them—and I’m not sure but I think maybe his head exploded.”

“But don’t worry, next month in the U.S., if you’re lucky enough to have private health insurance, you MIGHT have the opportunity to submit the costs of SOME at-home tests to an insurance company whose only motive is profit,” he added. 

The Biden administration proposal allows the roughly 150 million people with private health insurance to get reimbursed for the at-home tests. For people without private insurance, the administration says it will be distributing 50 million tests to sites like health centers and rural clinics. 

Levitt, of the Kaiser Family Foundation, noted that insurers could also seek to restrict how many tests they will reimburse for. 

“I have no doubt that insurers will put up roadblocks,” he said. 

Further guidance to lay out the details of the policy is coming by Jan. 15, the administration says. 

Kristine Grow, a spokeswoman for America’s Health Insurance Plans, the insurer trade group, said it is “not opposing” the proposal, and noted that at-home tests are an “important tool.”

She also noted some concerns to be worked out as the guidance develops, such as ensuring that test makers cannot implement “price gouging” on their at-home tests. 

On the state level, New Hampshire has pushed forward with a new program to provide free rapid tests for its residents, shipped to their homes. But highlighting the mismatch between demand and supply, the almost one million tests ran out within 24 hours of the website for ordering going live this week, the Concord Monitor reported.

A spokesman for New Hampshire Gov. Chris Sununu (R) said the state is “working with our federal partners to determine the possibility of replenishing supply.”

In neighboring Maine, Nirav Shah, director of the state’s CDC, told reporters on a call Thursday that he has concerns that if the national program is not structured properly, it could cause barriers. 

“A pay and chase model where individuals have to have an expenditure up front and then get reimbursed for it, that introduces an access challenge for a lot of folks,” he said. 

https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/584298-biden-plan-for-free-at-home-tests-faces-hurdles

Diabetes warning: The ‘irreversible’ signs you can spot in your mouth

 If you’re diabetic, you’ll know how important it is to keep on top of your blood sugar levels.

Common signs of high blood sugar include an increased thirst and needing to go the bathroom more, but experts say there could also be indicators in your mouth.

Researchers say that people with severe gum disease (periodontitis) have a harder time keeping their blood sugar levels under control.

For those whose blood sugar is not well controlled, they may find they have trouble with gum disease, the American Dental Association (ADA) states.

A previous study published by experts at the ADA stated that people with diabetes may be at higher risk of developing gum disease than people without diabetes.

Gum disease is a serious infection that in most cases can be treated.

If it’s left untreated it can lead to tooth loss which is irreversible, this is because it can destroy the bone that supports your teeth.

As gum disease is an infection, it’s likely that diabetics will find it harder to tackle it than other people.

As gum disease is an infection, it’s likely that diabetics will find it harder to tackle it than other people.

Getty Images

The ADA said: “When it is not well controlled, diabetes also can slow the process of wound healing.

“This means that if you have diabetes, it may take longer for you to heal after dental treatments such as having a tooth removed or any other oral surgery.”

A previous ADA study found that in general, diabetic Americans were more prone to tooth loss than those who did not suffer with the condition.

Around 28 percent of the diabetics tested in the study had lost all of their teeth.

Studies suggest that extra glucose in your blood can increase your risk for gum disease.

Getty Images/Image Source

The NHS states that extra glucose in your blood can increase your chance of gum disease and infection.

Official guidance states that you should see a dentist straight away if you notice problems in your mouth.

Experts say that in order to improve gum health you should stop smoking.

Experts suggest quitting smoking in order to avoid gum disease.

Getty Images

Keep track

This is because smoking weakens your immune system. making it harder for you to fight a gum infection.

One of the main ways to help control your diabetes and prevent gum disease is to keep on top of your blood sugar levels.

If you’re diabetic it’s likely you will have been given a device so you can do this at home.

You will be told what your average blood sugar level is and this is referred to as your HbA1c level.

In order to prevent both gum disease and diabetes, it is essential to monitor blood glucose levels.

Barcroft Media via Getty Images

While they differ for everyone, the NHS says that if you monitor your levels at home then a normal target is 4 to 7mmol/l before eating and under 8.5 to 9mmol/l 2 hours after a meal.

If it’s tested every few months then a normal HbA1c target is below 48mmol/mol (or 6.5% on the older measurement scale).

https://nypost.com/2021/12/04/diabetes-warning-the-irreversible-signs-you-can-spot-in-your-mouth/

Supply chain issues impacting pharmacies: FDA says about 111 drugs on backorder

 The Federal Reserve reported Wednesday that many parts of the country were hit by supply chain disruptions and labor shortages in November. 

While these problems have continued into December – with price increases reported to be widespread across the U.S. economy – empty shelves aren't the only issue for Americans. 

Pharmacies are reportedly running out of important prescription medications, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) shows there are about 111 drugs on backorder – including heart medications, antibiotics and cancer drugs.

The agency said on its website that it "continues to take steps to monitor the supply chain." 

"The Drug Shortage Staff within the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) has asked manufacturers to evaluate their entire supply chain, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, finished dose forms and any components that may be impacted in any area of the supply chain due to the COVID-19 outbreak," it wrote. 

The FDA highlights that there are a number of reasons why drug shortages can occur, including manufacturing and quality problems, delays and discontinuations.

"Manufacturers provide FDA most drug shortage information, and the agency works closely with them to prevent or reduce the impact of shortages," it said, also reporting that about 80% of active pharmaceutical ingredients manufacturers are located outside the U.S.

A November survey released by the National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA) found that the majority of independent pharmacy owners and managers are struggling to fill staff positions and deal with supply chain disruptions, in addition to market pressures.

Sixty percent of respondents said they are dealing with supply chain disruptions and nearly 70% reported struggling to fill staff positions. 

According to the group, 76% reported being concerned about possible tax increases on small businesses and 64% were also worried about inflation.

Only 31% of respondents described the overall financial health of their business as very good or somewhat good, 28% described it as average and 41% described it as somewhat poor or very poor.

"Pharmacists have worked heroically throughout the pandemic so to have insurance middlemen push so many of these small business owners to the edge is troubling," NCPA CEO B. Douglas Hoey said in an accompanying statement. "Policymakers in Congress, the Biden administration and in the states should keep this in mind. There are important policy changes they can make to lower drug prices for seniors and protect small businesses, like eliminating pharmacy DIR fees."

"Between rollouts of COVID-19 vaccines for children, boosters, and seasonal flu shots – on top of their other existing patient care services – pharmacies are stretched very thin, while patients need them more than ever," he said. "Independent pharmacies are the safety nets protecting their communities, and owners are working overtime, docking their own pay and doing everything they can to answer the call. Policymakers must repair the broken prescription drug payment model to better support pharmacy teams; successful pharmacies mean healthier, happier lives for patients."

An American Society of Health-System Pharmacists report warned earlier this year that supply chain disruptions in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic have the potential to negatively impact patient care. 

Speaking to reporters on Wednesday, President Biden assured that "for the vast majority of the country" store shelves will not be empty due to actions his administration has taken in partnership with business and labor, retailers, grocery stores and freight movers and railroads.

Biden cited moves to relieve congestion by extending operating hours at California's Los Angeles and Long Beach ports, partnering with a major ocean carrier to provide a $100 discount when containers are picked up quickly and extending extra flexibility for truckers through February. 

The president said these measures would "help move goods more quickly and get products that people want onto store shelves all across the country," also noting that the number of containers left sitting on docks is down by 40%.

Biden said that the U.S. is heading into the holiday season in "very strong shape."

However, Tom D’Angelo, chairman of the Pharmacists Society of the State of New York, told Long Island's Newsday on Monday that "a lot of stuff is stuck on barges," including generic blood pressure pills and cold and flu medication.

"People are struggling to get items, but so far this is not life-threatening," he said.

Nidhin Mohan, a pharmacist and owner of New Island Pharmacy in Deer Park, told the newspaper that there are fewer options when it comes to certain brands, including brand-name ibuprofen.

"The options are less by the day," he said. "When that becomes a shortage, or complete depletion of available options — I don’t know. I’m starting to feel the pressure."

But patients are advised not to panic – or panic buy – even as local pharmacists say they are dealing with longer waits for medical equipment and over-the-counter drugs.

Instead, patients should call their pharmacies to check their supply, keep a log of what they take and how much and talk to a physician about a potential alternative.

https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/supply-chain-issues-pharmacists-what-to-know

New resource launched to help employers, frontline workers recover from COVID impacts

 A new resource has been launched to help employers and frontline workers as they recover from the impacts of Covid-19.

The upheaval from the pandemic has threatened the security of businesses and employment, and placed new pressures on managers and employees, as well as exacerbating old inequalities - factors which impact on both the wellbeing and performance of workers at all levels.

In response, the University of East Anglia (UEA) and Norwich Good Economy Commission - a collaboration between Norwich City Council, UEA and other organisations in the local economy - launched ‘The Good Jobs Project’ to find ways to support managers and employees embed good experiences of work into the way they build back after the crisis.

The project brings together academic findings on what supports wellbeing and performance with first-hand accounts of the challenges and successes facing organisations and their staff.

In particular, it focusses on the issues for workers in areas such as care, hospitality and retail, which have been badly hit by the pandemic and face a recruitment and retention crisis.

The results feed into a new resource to help managers and employees influence their own and others’ job quality for the better. It includes an infographic, handbook and video on ‘4 Boosts for Frontline Workers’, all launched today by UEA’s research partners at the PrOPEL Hub – a national initiative to help boost productivity, and wellbeing, through supporting the growth of better workplaces in the UK.

The materials show how paying attention to job quality can impact on wellbeing, job satisfaction, attracting and keeping staff, reducing absence, improving performance and encouraging innovation – that working to boost the quality of frontline work can be a “win-win”.

The ‘4 Boosts’ are:

- Give frontline workers the time, support and flexibility they need to be able to connect with customers and feel pride in their work;

- Get to know workers and show care for their needs and goals, e.g. around childcare, working hours or learning;

- Ensure workers feel safe and are trained and supported to deal with difficult situations;

- Involve workers in discussing decisions that could impact their lives, ensuring managers are open and approachable.

Dr Helen Fitzhugh led the team of researchers from UEA’s Norwich Business School specialising in workplace wellbeing and productivity. She said: “Working in sectors like retail, hospitality and care has always had its tough moments, but the pandemic has made this even harder.

“Our work at the Good Jobs Project highlights practical ways that employers and line managers can improve the employee experience of work. During the current recruitment and retention crisis in frontline work, employers can really make themselves stand out as attractive prospects in the job market by paying attention to worker needs and goals.

“Fortunately, we know from research that taking action to improve employee wellbeing can be a win-win as it has also been linked to better customer service, performance and worker engagement.”

Pre-COVID research suggests that jobs in areas such as care, hospitality and retail are often more precarious, more likely to involve variable management practices and more subject to intensification and swift dismissal. Therefore the project aimed to make a difference to groups who were already facing tougher working conditions.

The research involved interviews with representatives of local infrastructure organisations in Norwich, such as the local authority, local enterprise partnership and chamber of commerce, as well as employers and frontline workers.

Chair of the Norwich Good Economy Commission, Catherine Waddams, said: “The Norwich Good Economy Commission was pleased to support the underlying local research, and welcomes these four boosts for businesses and employees, which not only promote the Commission’s aim to enrich the lives of all who live and work in Norwich, but could also help other communities.”

Dr Fitzhugh led the project for UEA as part of her ‘knowledge exchange’ role for Norwich Business School. Knowledge exchange aims to take the university’s research out directly into the community and feed back community experiences and needs to influence research.

While the Good Jobs Project is active in Norwich in 2021, the method could be highly relevant to other areas in the future, with the aim being to extend the project into neighbouring communities, as well as offering local companies researcher-supported ‘hacks’ on how to implement the ‘4 Boosts’.

The 4 Boosts for Frontline Workers resource is available at: https://www.propelhub.org/how-to-improve-frontline-work-4-boosts-for-frontline-workers/

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/936563

Effects of COVID-19 on criminal justice system

 The impacts of COVID-19 on crime and justice continue to unfold amid a social justice reckoning and calls for significant reform in criminal justice around the world. Among the questions that have arisen: What has been the impact, if any, of COVID-19 on the quality of justice during this period? Did the pandemic exacerbate already-challenged areas of criminal justice response such as family and domestic violence or criminal gang activity? Did the pandemic provide opportunities for new crime categories and quell others? Did COVID-related restrictions reveal new insights into police-community interactions? How did the pandemic affect those under criminal justice supervision?

These questions and more are being addressed by scholars from the American Society of Criminology in a special issue of Criminology & Public Policy, the flagship policy and practice issue of the society, edited by Cynthia Lum and Christopher Koper at George Mason University.

In the introduction to the special issue, Alex R. Piquero, professor of sociology at the University of Miami, discusses the effects of COVID-19 on the criminal justice system. He highlights a nonexistent policy playbook and initial response to the virus by the criminal justice system and discusses various decisions and lessons learned as the system dealt with the outbreak with little or constantly changing guidance from state and federal officials.

The special issue also features seven articles, including:

• In “Gang-Related Crime in Los Angeles Remained Stable Following COVID-19 Social Distancing Orders,” researchers examined the impact of mandated, citywide social distancing orders on gang-related crime in Los Angeles. The study found that gang-related crime remained stable, and crime hot spots stayed relatively stationary after shelter-in-place orders.
• In “Risk and Implications of COVID-19 Among the Community Supervised Population,” researchers used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health to explore differences in the extent to which men under community supervision are vulnerable to COVID-19 and have access to care during the pandemic, comparing them to men not involved with the criminal justice system. Their study highlights the greater levels of risk for serious illness or death from COVID-19 and the disproportionate lack of health insurance among men under community supervision, suggesting that decarceration efforts alone are insufficient to address the spread of the virus among those who are supervised in the community.
• In “COVID-19 Frauds: An Exploratory Study of Victimization During a Global Crisis,” researchers surveyed more than 2,200 American adults to investigate their experiences with COVID-19-related frauds. More than a quarter of respondents reported purchasing a COVID-19-related product or service, and almost 43 percent said they felt targeted for fraud. Fraud victimization during crises like a pandemic requires prevention, legal and technical interventions, and greater attention to consumer protection.
• In “Crime, Quarantine, and the U.S. Coronavirus Pandemic,” researchers surveyed the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on crime rates in 31 large cities. Controlling for seasonal fluctuations, their study found that some offenses fell while others rose during 2020. In particular, weekly property crime and drug offense rates, averaged across the cities, fell during the pandemic, except for motor vehicle theft, which rose after restrictions were instituted in March 2020. But beginning in June 2020, homicides, aggravated assaults, and gun assaults rose significantly, then declined in late summer and fall.
• In “What Does the Public Want Police to Do During Pandemics? A National Experiment,” researchers surveyed a national sample of more than 1,000 U.S. adults in April 2020 to determine what factors shape support for various policing tactics amid the COVID-19 pandemic. While respondents were sharply divided in their views about pandemic policing tactics, one clear finding was that the public values police patrols and wants to continue to have access to officers. Additionally, people who believe police are procedurally just are more likely to trust them during times of crisis and empower them to enforce new laws or regulations.
• In “Crime Under Lockdown: The Impact of COVID-19 on Citizen Security in the City of Buenos Aires,” researchers studied the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown on criminal activity in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Following quarantine restrictions, property crime dropped significantly, with no changes in homicides. The researchers found that increases in health and social services may have also helped decrease crime. However, there was a considerable rise in arrests for resisting authorities, pointing to frictions between police and people at COVID checkpoints.
• In “Comparing 911 and Emergency Hotline Calls for Domestic Violence in Seven Cities:
  What Happened When People Started Staying Home Due to COVID-19?” researchers examined changes in how frequently domestic violence victims sought help in seven U.S. cities during the pandemic. The study estimated more than 1,000 additional calls to police and more than 1,600 additional calls to emergency hotlines across the group studied than would have occurred without the pandemic. However, jurisdictions varied in these trends and how victims sought help, highlighting that while needs might persist or increase during a pandemic, how authorities and services are alerted to those needs might change.  

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JOURNAL

Criminology & Public Policy

DOI

10.1111/1745-9133.12503 

ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE

17-Nov-2021

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/936708